Makna Hukum Menurut Jeremy Bentham
Makna Hukum Menurut Jeremy Bentham dalam karya Michael David Alan Freeman yang berjudul ‘Lloyds Introduction to Jurisprudence, 2001’ menyatakan bahwa:
“A law may be defi ned as an assemblage of sign declarative of a volition conceived or adopted by the sovereign in a state, concerning the conduct to be observed in acertain case by a certain person or class of persons, who in the case in question are or are supposed to be subject to his power: such volition trusting for its accomplishment to the expectation of certain events which it is intended such declaration should upon occasion be a means of bringing to pass, and the prospect of which it is intended should act as a motive upon those whose conduct is in question”.
(Hukum dapat didefinisikan sebagai kumpulan tanda yang menyatakan kehendak yang dikandung atau diterima oleh berdaulat di suatu negara, tentang perilaku yang harus diamati dalam kasus tertentu oleh orang tertentu atau kelas orang, yang dalam hal yang bersangkutan adalah atau seharusnya tunduk pada kekuasaannya: seperti itu kehendak percaya untuk pemenuhannya dengan harapan peristiwa tertentu yang dimaksudkan pernyataan seperti itu pada suatu saat harus menjadi sarana untuk mewujudkan, dan prospeknya dimaksudkan harus bertindak sebagai motif atas mereka yang perilakunya dipertanyakan).
BIOGRAFI
Jeremy Bentham adalah seorang filsuf, ahli hukum dan pembaharu sosial Inggris yang dianggap sebagai pendiri utilitarianisme modern yang berasal dari Inggris. Ia lahir antara tanggal 15 Februari 1748 di London, England, Kingdom of Great Britain dan wafat pada tanggal 6 Juni 1832 di London, England, United Kingdom.
HASIL KARYA
1. Defence of usury, 1787
2. Defence of Usury: Showing the Impolicy of the Present Legal Restraints on the Terms of Pecuniary Bargains, to which is Added, A Letter to Adam Smith … on the Discouragement of Inventive Industry, 1787
3. Defence of Usury: Shewing the Impolicy of the Present Legal Restraints on the Terms of Pecuniary Bargains. In a Series of Letters to a Friend. To which is Added, a Letter to Adam Smith, Esq; LL.D. on the Discouragements Opposed by the Above Restraints to the Progress of Inventive Industry. By Jeremy Bentham, …, 1788
4. An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation, 1789
5. Comprized in the Budget of 7th Dec. 1795 ; to which is Prefixed, (Printed in 1793, and Now First Published,) A Protest Against Law Taxes: Shewing The Peculiar Mischievousness of All Such Impositions as Add to the Expense Of An Appeal to Justice, 1790
6. El Panoptico, 1791
7. Supply without Burthen; or Escheat vice Taxation: being a proposal for saving in taxes by an extension of the law of escheat; including strictures on the taxes on collateral succession … To which is prefixed a protest against law taxes, shewing the mischievousness of all such impositions as add to the expence of an appeal to justice, 1795
8. Theory of Legislation, 1802
9. Traités de législation civile et pénale: précédés de principes généraux de législation.., 1802
10. Lettres à Lord Pelham, renfermant un parallèle du systéme de colonisation pénale, adopté pour la Nouvelle-Galles du Sud, et de celui des maisons de repentir érigées dans la métropole, dont l’exécution a été prescrite par deux actes du Parlement, des années 1794 et 1799, 1804
11. A Table of the Springs of Action: Shewing the Several Species of Pleasures and Pains, of which Man’s Nature is Susceptible: Together with the Several Species of Interests, Desires, and Motives, Respectively Corresponding to Them: and the Several Sets of Appellatives, Neutral, Eulogistic and Dyslogistic, by which Each Species of Motive is Wont to be Designated: to which are Added, Explanatory Notes and Observations, 1815
12. Chrestomathia: Being A Collection Of Papers, Explanatory Of The Design Of An Institution, Proposed To Be Set On Foot, Under The Name Of The Chrestomathic Day School, Or Chrestomathic School, For The Extension Of The New System Of Instruction To The, 1816
13. Defence of Economy Against the Right Hom. George Rose, 1817
14. The King Against Sir Charles Wolseley, Baronet, and Joseph Harrison, Schoolmaster: Set Down for Trial, at Chester, on the 4th of April, 1820. Brief Remarks Tending to Shew the Untenability of this Indictment. (The King Against Edmonds and Others … Brief Remarks Tending to Shew the Untenability of this Indictment, Etc.)., 1820
15. On the Liberty of the Press, and Public Discussion, 1821
16. Tratados de legislación civil y penal, 4, 1822
17. The Principles of Morals and Legislation, 1823
18. Traité des preuves judiciaires, 1823
19. Rationale of Judicial Evidence, 1827
20. Rationale of Judicial Evidence: Specially Applied to English Practice, 1827
21. Défense de l’usure: ou Lettres sur les inconvénients des lois, qui fixent le taux de l’intérêt de l’argent, par Jérémie Bentham, tr. de l’anglais sur la 4. éd.; suivi d’un Mémoire sur les prêts d’argent, par Turgot, et précédé d’une introduction contenant une dissertation sur le prêt à intérêt, 1828
22. Oeuvres, 1829
23. Equity Dispatch Court Proposal: Containing a Plan for the Speedy and Unexpensive Termination of the Suits Now Depending in Equity Courts : with the Form of a Petition, and Some Account of a Proposed Bill for that Purpose, 1830
24. To His Fellow Citiziens of France, on Death Punishment, 1831
25. Deontology or, The science of morality, 1834
26. Constitutional Code, 1983
27. A Comment on the Commentaries and A Fragment on Government
28. A View of the Hard-labour Bill; Being an Abstract of a Pamphlet, Intituled Draught of a Bill, to Punish by Imprisonment and Hard-labour, Certain Offen
29. Chrestomathia
30. Codification of the Common Law: Letter of Jeremy Bentham, and Report of Judges Story, Metcalf and Others
31. Defense of usury
32. Deontologie oder die Wissenschaft der Moral
33. Émancipez Vos Colonies !: Emancipate Your Colonies !
34. Grundsätze der Civil- und Criminal-Gesetzgebung: aus den Handschriften des englischen Rechtsgelehrten Jeremias Bentham
35. Supply Without Burthen; Or Escheat Vice Taxation: Being a Proposal For A Saving In Taxes By An Extension of the Law of Escheat: Including Strictures on the Texes On Collateral Succession,
36. The book of fallacies
37. The Classical Utilitarians
38. The Collected Works of Jeremy Bentham
39. The correspondence of Jeremy Bentham
40. The Westminster Review, Volume 8
41. The Westminster Review, Volume 9
42. The Westminster Review, Volume 11
43. The Works
44. Tactique des assemblées politiques délibérantes: extraits des manuscrits de Jérémie Bentham
45. Traites des sophismes politiques et des sophismes anarchiques: extraits des manuscrits de Jeremie Bentham
46. Tratados de lejislación [sic] civil y penal
47. Tratado de los sofismas: sacado de los manuscritos de Jeremias Bentham
48. The Westminster Review, Volume 13
49. The Westminster Review, Volume 14
50. “The” Works of Jeremy Bentham: Chrestomathia. 8
51. The Works of Jeremy Bentham: Introd. to the study of Bentham, by J.H. Burton
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