Definisi Partai Politik Menurut Anthony Downs

Definisi Partai Politik  Menurut Anthony Downs yang menyatakan bahwa:

“Partai politik adalah koalisi orang-orang yang berusaha menguasai aparat pemerintahan dengan cara-cara yang sah”.

BIOGRAFI

Anthony Downs adalah seorang ekonom Amerika yang berspesialisasi dalam kebijakan publik dan administrasi publik. Fokus penelitiannya meliputi teori pilihan politik, kontrol sewa, perumahan terjangkau, dan ekonomi transportasi. Ia lahir pada tanggal 21 November 1930 di Evanston, Illinois, Amerika dan wafat pada tanggal 2 Oktober 2021 di Bethesda, Maryland, Amerika.

PROFESI

1. Visiting Senior di Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C.,
2. Anggota fakultas di Universitas Chicago
3. Visiting Fellow di Institut Kebijakan Publik California di San Francisco
4. Anggota terpilih dari National Academy of Public Administration.

HASIL KARYA

1. An Economic Theory of Democracy, 1957
2. Inside bureaucracy, 1964
3. Urban Problems and Prospects, 1965
4. Who are the urban poor?, 1968
5. Racism in America and how to Combat it, 1970
6. Federal Housing Subsidies: how are They Working?, 1972
7. Opening Up the Suburbs: An Urban Strategy for America, 1973
8. Futures for a Declining City: Simulations for the Cleveland Area, 1981
9. Neighborhoods and urban development, 1981
10. Urban Decline and the Future of American Cities, 1982
11. Rental housing in the 1980s, 1983
12. Energy Costs, Urban Development, and Housing, 1984
13. The revolution in real estate finance, 1985
14. Principles of Real Estate Management, 1991
15. Stuck in Traffic: Coping with Peak-hour Traffic Congestion, 1992
16. New visions for metropolitan America, 1994
17. A Reevaluation of Residential Rent Controls, 1996
18. Political theory and public choice, 1998
19. Urban affairs and urban policy, 1998
20. Still Stuck in Traffic, 2004
21. Sprawl Costs: Economic Impacts of Unchecked Development, 2005
22. Niagara of capital, 2007
23. Real Estate and the Financial Crisis: How Turmoil in the Capital Markets is Restructuring Real Estate Finance, 2009

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Referensi:

en.wikipedia.org

nasional.kompas.com

books.google.co.id

goodreads.com

academia.edu

jstor.org

britannica.com

washingtonpost.com

link.springer.com

academic.oup.com

nytimes.com

amacad.org

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